![]() ![]() Click the Create button at the bottom of the form to create the database.However, you can just as easily add one after it is created as the Create a new table section explains. It is possible to use the form to create an initial table for the new database.Names should contain only letters and numbers, and no spaces. Enter a name for the new database into the Database name field.This will take you to a form for entering the new database's details. On the module's main page, click on the Create a new database link above or below the table of existing database icons.If you want to store your own data, it is best to create your own database to add tables to instead of messing with the mysql database. When MySQL is first installed, a database called mysql is created that contains authentication and access control related tables. This will take you to a page in the Perl Modules module (covered in chapter 27) where DBI and/or DBD::mysql are downloaded and installed for you. If either is missing, a message will be displayed at the bottom of the main page prompting you to install one or both by clicking on a link. For this reason, you should install the DBI and DBD::mysql Perl modules. However, it is not totally reliable as certain kinds of table data produce output that cannot always be parsed. The former method is always available, because the mysql command is always installed when the database server is. It can either run the mysql command with the correct parameters and parse its output, or use the Perl DBI library to connect directly. ![]() To execute these commands Webmin must connect to the database server, which can be done in one of two ways. The MySQL module uses SQL commands to perform actions like creating tables, adding fields and editing records. This can happen if you installed it from the source instead of using the package that comes with your Linux distribution. If the module complains that it cannot find the mysql program even though you have it installed, you will need to adjust the paths that it uses. ![]() On other Unix variants, it assumes that you have compiled and installed MySQL from the source code distribution, available from. On FreeBSD and NetBSD, the module expects the MySQL package for those operating systems to be installed. Each Linux distribution seems to use a different set of packages, so make sure you install them all. Often there are several, named something like mysql, mysql-client, mysql-server and mysql-devel. Check your distribution CD or website for all MySQL-related packages, and install them using the Software Packages module. If the database server is not installed at all on your system, the main page will display an error message like *The MySQL client program /usr/bin/mysql was not found on your system*. Only if you have changed it manually or through Webmin will the MySQL Login page appear. Even though it is possible to enter the username and password for any MySQL user, non-root users cannot perform tasks such as creating databases and tables - and so neither will the module be able to.īy default, the module is configured to login with the username and password that the MySQL package for your distribution uses by default. You should enter the administration username into the Login' field (usually root), and the corresponding password into the Password field. If the database server is running but Webmin does not know the correct password to login to it with, the main page will display a *MySQL Login* form instead. The MySQL Database Server module main page, right after installation of mariadb-server, and running the recommended /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation to remove security breaches ![]()
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![]() ![]() They were actual villains who could kill the heroes. NRG - DESTRUCTION by NRG Limited Time Offer: Get 50 off the first year of our best annual plan for artists with unlimited uploads, releases, and insights. BlueBeat transmits simulated live musical performances at 64, 160 and 320 kb/s. NRG) Maceo Plex Remix Martin Dawson Let the Bass Kick / More & More (Acappella) / Don’t Cross the Line / Never Lost His Hardcore Alumina, Kym Ayres, Technikal, 12' Thumpers & NRG Never Lost His Hardcore (Baby Doc 97 Remix) NRG Tere Kadmon Ko (feat. The Decepticons were no longer the Saturday cartoon villains they used to be. Instruments of Destruction NRG Think About It (feat. And Ironhide was too wounded to do more than grab Megatron's leg and utter a weak "No.!" And Megatron dismisses him, calling his last attempt to stop him "heroic nonsense" before ending him with a cold headshot from his Fusion Cannon, blowing the grizzled old veteran to pieces. Starscream and the other Constructicons riddled Ironhide and Ratchet with Energon blasts, and Ratchet stopped moving. is he dead, too?! Ironhide! Ratchet! They're outnumbered!Īnd it just continued. The SDM320Y-RF is MID approved (Annex B & D) complying with UK and European Standards relating to the level of accuracy when billing your customers. It is easily retro-fitted into most power pedestals behind a viewing window. Ratchet can patch him up!"īut then Scavenger of all people blasted Prowl and managed to pierce his chest where a human's lung would've been, and instead of shrugging it off, Prowl belches smoke as his eyes literally burn out, and he collapses with fire and smoke billowing out of his face.īrawn. The SDM320Y-RF meter is the most compact din rail mounted, 80Amp single phase prepayment meters on the market. The song plays in The Transformers: The Movie during one of the first scenes which sets the tone for the remainder of the movie. ![]() Autobots and Decepticons shot each other all the time in the series, so I was like, "Oww, that hurt. ' Instruments of Destruction ' is a heavy metal song by the band N.R.G., featured in the album The Transformers: The Movie - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. To be fair, Brawn getting shot by Starscream hadn't convinced me of what horrible thing was happening in that scene. ![]() ![]() ![]() If folks are enjoying the party, they might finally remember his name, and then he won’t have to keep spelling it out in cake frosting and pool floaties. Walt offers Aniq a Bush/Cheney shirt that’s sure to set Zoë’s loins afire and asks if people are having fun. Aww, did he drop his mix CD? Jerk’ll just have to pick it up, pick it up, pick it up!Īniq slinks to the bathroom, trying to dry his outfit and plastic circular love-note before Zoë can spot him. Xavier, already bitter that he’s been waitlisted at Stanford, sees the entering Aniq and shoves this two-faced Yoko of Ska into the pool. Even Aniq has noticed that the musicians’ “vibes” have become too different. It’s time for Ska-pe Diem to break up, he decrees. Like a seer practices divination through tea leaves, Yasper peers at his buddy’s frosted tips and foresees a near-future in which he runs fast and far in the opposite musical direction. ![]() Xavier, a big ol’ prepster Labrador puppy, bounds into the party to display the blond and center-parted hair he calls a new persona. ![]() Aniq’s playlist better be chock full of Shaggy bangers. Freshman wooers with their own vehicles are rare. When he reveals he’s bringing his car, one can almost hear the coffin-lid slamming shut on Aniq’s romantic prospects. Zoë, killing time, swigs down a drink or two and falls into conversation with Brett, who is demonstrably horny for her and will also be sharing her city for the next four years. He knows he can’t seal the deal without Shaggy (natch) and an acrostic letter-puzzle (natch?), so he labors over a mix CD and winds up arriving at the gathering far later than his chem partner. It’s a horrifying goody bag, but, by golly, it’s made with love.Īniq’s Stanford acceptance has given him the confidence to ask Zoë on a legit, honest-to-God date, and therefore he proposes that they hit the party at approximately the same time and then kinda roam the house until they find each other. But even in his own mind movie, he’s little more than a bit player, lurking in the periphery of his classmates’ dramas with stammering offers of GOP tank-tops and stew. Walt narrates the story as though he’s a character in a teen house-party flick. Though nobody remembers his presence at Hillmount High or gawky participation in several key reunion moments, it was he who held the infamous bash of 2006. Patty’s blowout, but Walt wants everyone gathered in Xavier’s living room to finally hear what he has to say. She asks for a volunteer to tell her privately about the St. Having promised to send the ringer her reports when his flight lands in an hour, Danner has exactly 60 minutes to crack the case. ![]() (Adorning our mammaries with the word “Juicy” was not the fashion slam-dunk we thought it was.) Less satisfying was seeing some of my own early-aughts style choices onscreen. Despite my grumbles about having to wait for four episodes to learn anything about the hellish green soiree, this half-hour offered up a satisfying payoff. And that life can be turned to garbage by two malevolent Jennifers and a Nick Carter wannabe who couldn’t locate a G-spot if he had a state-of-the-art TomTom to guide him. Also, that the man who loves diarrhea games and totes around a special Sharpie for graffiti pranks was the most popular guy in school. Patrick’s Day party? Well, for one, that Walt has missed his calling if he’s not currently working as a superspy. ![]() ![]() ![]() These Eudaemon skills are controlled by the player. Players can set Eudaemon skills in the Eudaemon panel. This Eudaemon can receive damage in battle and will be unable to aid the player if defeated. Reinforcements: Players can deploy the reinforcement Eudaemon to join a battle. Eudaemon Swap: Eudaemons will be swapped according to the battle order previously set by the player. ![]() There is a cooldown time of 30 seconds after each swap/deployment. Players can swap Eudaemons or deploy the reinforcement Eudaemon to join a battle. Sylphs that follows Eudaemons will not join any battles. The match will end when all 3 of one player’s Eudaemons have been defeated (the condition of the reinforcement Eudaemon won’t affect the battle result).ģ. Three Eudaemons from each player will take turns to battle. Each player can deploy and position three Eudaemons, plus one Eudaemon as a reinforcement.Ģ. Points reset every Monday morning at 05:00 (server time).ġ. The more points a player earns, the better the reward.ģ. Players get points and rewards based on the outcome of the battle. Players from different servers will be matched according to their current points. Each player can enter up to 10 battles per day. Players can also enter the arena via the NPC, God Timo, in Cloud City.Ģ. Click the icon to enter the Eudaemon Arena. When the event opens, the event icon will appear at the top of the game screen. Players may use The Empire Crusade to increase reward attempts.ģ difficulty levels: Normal, Nightmare,and Hell. Players can enter a dungeon multiple times daily, but they only receive rewards the first time they enter the dungeon each day. The rewards will be shown on the dungeon selection panel. The party leader can also adjust the position of each party member.Ī 50% EXP bonus and extra reward items will be given if it is a cross-server match. The system may match players from different servers. At least 2 players are required to enter. Creating a dungeon allows the player to modify the dungeon name and set a dungeon password. Click the icon to create or join a dungeon. Players may join a Cross-server Dungeon through the Hall of Heroes in the Cloud City. # Brand New Patch 5.0 - Delve into Danger in Tara Temple! ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 spot by Duran Duran's " The Reflex" and that year's song of the summer, Prince's " When Doves Cry"). 2 (his highest-charting song to date) beginning J(it was kept off the No. Released as a single prior to the album's release, the song entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart on May 26, 1984, at no. Reception Ĭash Box said that the song "is classic Springsteen: gutsy vocals set to a hard-driving backbeat" and "an added surprise is the addition of the synthesizer to the inspired playing of the E-Street Band." Chart performance The 12-inch single was released May 9, 1984, and was the highest-selling 12-inch single in the US that year. Six takes of "Dancing in the Dark" were recorded on February 14, 1984, at The Hit Factory, and after 58 mixes, work was completed on March 8, 1984. It sums up his state of mind, his feeling of isolation after the success of his album The River, and his frustrations of trying to write a hit single. You want another one, you write it." Despite this reaction, Springsteen sat in his hotel room and wrote the song in a single night. ![]() "Look", he snarled, "I've written seventy songs. According to journalist Dave Marsh in the book Glory Days, Springsteen was not impressed with Landau's approach. Springsteen wrote "Dancing In the Dark" overnight, after Jon Landau convinced him that the album needed a single. The song is listed among the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. "Dancing in the Dark" was also successful worldwide, becoming Australia's highest-selling single of 1984 (despite peaking at number five on the Kent Music Report), peaking at number one in Belgium and the Netherlands, and charting within the top 10 in seven other countries. It was the first single released from his 1984 album, Born in the U.S.A., and became his biggest hit, helping the album become the best-selling album of his career. Adding uptempo synthesizer riffs to his sound for the first time, the song spent four weeks at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over one million singles in the U.S. " Dancing in the Dark" is a song written and performed by American rock singer Bruce Springsteen. 1984 single by Bruce Springsteen "Dancing in the Dark" ![]() ![]() ![]() In that case you have to activate items with QuickNav on using Up and Down arrow simultaneously instead. However, even then, Control + Alt + Space bar won't work for the iOS device if Control + Space bar is assigned on the Mac to switch the keyboard language. Second, if you go to Type2phone > Preferences via menubar and under the Devices tab check the "Forward unmapped keyboard shortcuts (advanced users)" option, more keyboard shortcuts start to work on the iOS device, such as Control + Alt + M to move to the status bar or Control + Alt + Shift + M for double tap and hold. However, when you turn VoiceOver off on the Mac, the arrow keys start to work well, and some of the VO commands do so as well, such as Control + Alt + F for text search, or Control + Alt + T for the text attributes announcements. First, when you have VoiceOver enabled on the Mac, all the commands that use the VO modifier Control + Alt, do not get sent to a connected iOS device, neither the simultaneous press of the Up and Left arrow keys, or Up and Right arrow keys works reliably. However, fortunately, the shortcuts can be added using Mac System Keyboard Preferences. Even the keyboard shortcuts for iOS apps more or less work, but for those which need the Shift key I have to first turn QuickNav off, and those that use the Alt key don't work for me at all, though it's a rare minority of them, and it might start to work if some Type2phone preferences are modified.Īnd one more note, you can not assign keyboard shortcuts directly in Type2Phone using VoiceOver, as the button for this purpose, under Special > Customize Special Menu Shortcuts, is not accessible. For example, Control + Alt + F for text search works if you turn off VoiceOver on the Mac, andStandard shortcuts for text operations, such as Command + A or Command + C, and those available when QuickNav is turned off, such as Command or Option + arrow keys, with the optional Shift key for text selection, work pretty good, as well as Single-key QuickNav shortcuts for navigating web content. Note that there are actually more keyboard shortcuts one can use apart from those listed in the Special menu. I have posted a comment about a Type2Phone and 1Keyboard comparison on the AppleVis 1Keyboard App Directory entry, where you can read a little bit more about keyboard shortcuts in Type2Phone. But maybe we will see them in the future versions, as I've already got a response on the developer's forum concerning this and adding a possibility to create your own keyboard shortcuts to be send to the iOS device. ![]() However, what I am missing there, for instance, is the command for pausing and resuming speech, as the Control key, which normally does that on a Bluetooth keyboard, is not working. There are also commands for going to next or previous area. They are named as "Quick Nav - Select Last Item" and "Quick Nav - Select First Item". ![]() However, in the current version, the commands you mentioned are there. No, it's not possible to add more commands to those available in the Special menu list. ![]() ![]() Kerio will provide its partners with private virtual machines running Kerio Connect 8 in the cloud with some basic configuration. The way it works: Kerio Cloud is a hosted infrastructure service that allows Kerio partners to resell Kerio “Software as a Service” to their end customers, eliminating the need to purchase and maintain their own server environments. Our private cloud not only eliminates the need for partners to carry the hardware burden, it allows them to focus their energy on adding value instead of worrying about the availability of email services.” “While customer data suggests that onsite servers are still very popular, we think Kerio Cloud is the most secure and flexible solution for the IT guy that is looking for an alternative, but is still evaluating the cloud. “Pundits have touted cloud services and predicted the demise of on-premise solutions for a few years now,” said Scott Schreiman, CEO, Kerio Technologies. Unlike cloud email solutions such as Microsoft Office 365 or Google Apps, Kerio offers its customers a private cloud experience, which in turn allows them more control over their own data. The first Kerio Cloud offering will be the company’s flagship product, Kerio Connect 8, a messaging (email) and calendaring server. This is possibleīecause /internal/photo will only return a valid image if the user isĬurrently logged in.Kerio Technologies have launched a new cloud service infrastructure for its partners and customers.Īlthough Kerio previously enabled its channel partners to host Kerio Connect on their own hardware using the SaaS model, this marks Kerio’s first major push into true, hosted infrastructure services. Response (SOP would not allow to read the response). A remote attackerĬan detect if the credentials are correct without reading the Parameters kerio_username and kerio_password set. It's enough to send a POST request to /internal/dologin.php with the Valid credentials can be obtained via a brute-force attack. The attack from the Internet to obtain a reverse shell on Kerio Control.ĩ) Login not protected against brute-force attacks The complete attack can also beĬonducted via the cross site scripting vulnerability described in thisĪdvisory (XSS in contentLoader.php). This will bind a root shell on port 9999. The image can be uploaded in the administrative web interface. He can now easily bypass ASLR and DEP.Ĩ) Remote Code Execution as administratorĪn attacker can create a malicious upgrade image with the following ) Now the attacker knows the location of a stack (all stacks are marked as Pointer can be used to calculate the base address of a stack. ) If the memory pointer points near a stack (highest nibble is 0xb), the In such a case the RCE vulnerabilityĬan be used to crash and restart the server. ) If the memory pointer is within a specific range (e.g. GetLoginType.js.php to obtain a memory pointer. This means the attacker can send requests to ) The XSS payload runs on the same domain and can therefore send requestsĪnd read responses. ) The attacker's website iframes the Kerio Control website to trigger the Vulnerability to embed a malicious script inside the Kerio Control website ) The attacker's website uses the CSRF bypass and the identified XSS ) The attacker tricks a victim to visit the attacker's malicious website K_loginParams.k_loginType = "loginCommon" k_loginParams.k_nonauthToken = "0xb2ee208" Server: Kerio Control Embedded Web Server ![]() The pointer will also be disclosed if the user is already logged out. During the analysis noįurther effort was spent on analysing this behaviour. The target location always stores the same data. Into a readable and writeable region behind a stack-region. ![]() However, sometimes this pointer will point The above response contains a valid pointer (0xb59066a8). K_securityHash=x&target=k_sessionVariable&k_variable=lastDisplayed&k_value=a:18: Product: Kerio Control Unified Threat ManagementĬontent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Title: Potential backdoor access through multiple vulnerabilities ![]() SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory Exploit code has been developed as well but willī/2016/09/controlling-kerio-control-when-your.html Of the vulnerabilities within this advisory in detail and a video which SEC Consult has also released a blog post describing the attack scenarios ![]() ![]() ![]() She’s often nagging at him about certain things, once said she “hates him” which me and my brother tell each other a lot without actually meaning it, about him not making good choices or about him acting like an idiot sometimes, but she also has a sort of inferiority complex going on for both of her teammates. Sakura’s always acting so mature and stuff, but she’s often secretly in on his antics, and sometimes even starts to go along with him on them, rooting for him even. For an example, Sakura and Naruto’s bond reminds me quite a bit of the bond my brother and I have(of course it’s not exactly like it, or it would be really weird). Though it’s not necessarily “canon” since it’s not in the manga, but still) It is the initial idea Kishimoto had in mind when he created her, so I figured why not mention it? I mean, they’re not really active in her life, and honestly, she seemed closer to Ino who saved her from the bullying when nobody else did. My father died when I was 9 and even before that I barely had much association with him, so I often project onto older males I respect and question if it’s anything like that to have a father of sorts(kind of like Naruto’s relationships with Iruka or Jiraiya, or even Kakashi in some sense) and I dealt with emotional abuse from my mother, constantly comparing me to my Brother growing up, so I kind of understand Sasuke’s obsession with bettering himself and the way his father would belittle him, and heck, even Sakura doesn’t seem to be all that close to her parents(if RTN has any merit. ![]() I also like Naruto and Sasuke because I can relate to them both. They’re not perfect, they do stupid things together, and they all have their own fair share of flaws. They have falling outs, and banter, tease each other. They were a team and were by each other’s sides a lot, through near death situations, they all did what they could to keep that from falling apart at some point or another. I think it’s because realistically relationships and bonds have never gone that smoothly for me, and even with romance aside, Team 7 is a family first and foremost. Sometimes I wonder why I like the dynamics of NaruSaku, SasuSaku and even SasuNaru as apposed to a pairing dynamic that many see as “perfect” in every perceivable way like NaruHina, which has its cliche happily ever after. ![]() ![]() If present, residual balances are usually the result of incorrect posting by accountants, or improper payments. Making payments on liabilities owed generally runs smoothly, but there always remains the possibility of a residual balance in their general ledger (GL). A lot of companies have several accounts payable sub-accounts. In terms of accounting, this represents liabilities. Hopefully, life beyond the profit and loss statement will get you closer to your dream life.Accounts Payable (AP) handles the money a company owes to its vendors. You can get an “aha” just by computing these ratios. When you put your goals into numbers and on paper, they seem more real and achievable. How many volunteer hours or dollars you spend vs.How many countries (or states) you want to visit each year vs.The number of customers you have that really fit your ideal client and how many more you need to go.You can have fun with metrics and ratios in and out of your business. What’s on your “bucket list?” (This is a list of things you want to do in your lifetime before you die.) Figure out the metric that will get you thinking about doing your dreams sooner rather than later. This assumes you worked the rest of the year. For example, if you took 5 1-week vacations from work last year, that would be 25 days, resulting in 10%. Estimate the numbers of days you were off, and divide by 250. It’s simple to compute, and you can estimate it if you don’t track your time.Īssuming a 5-day work week, there are about 250 working days in a year, not including about 10 holidays. This ratio measures how much time we are able to spend away from the office. To create more leverage in the example business, the owner could sell or develop more products, hire another teacher, hire an additional consultant, and/or hire someone to review the consulting work of the employees. If your revenue streams are flexible, you can work on moving more of your business income over to the leveraged side. Both hourly consulting and training classes are partially leveraged because the business owner spends time teaching, consulting, and supervising. Here’s an example, assuming this business owner has a staff of five people. Once the product is developed, it takes little incremental time to sell (unless you’re in retail). And revenue that is fully leveraged includes product sales. Revenues that are partially leveraged include group programs such as classes and events like webinars and conferences as well as hourly consulting that your staff performs with your limited oversight. Examples of revenue that are not leveraged include seeing clients one at a time and selling hours-for-dollars services without a staff. Leveraging your business revenue is a way to work less while making more money. You might decide to be more intentional about moving your income to passive sources so you can do the things you want to do. The numbers often drive people to action. The “aha” comes when you see the numbers. They also might question why they are spending so many hours working so hard for a fraction of their monthly income! ![]() ![]() In the example below, this person is well on their way to retiring. (These definitions correlate to your time spent, not the IRS definitions.) Put the income in the appropriate column, passive or active. Income is active if you spend time earning it. Income is passive if you spend almost no time earning it. If you are active in your business, this will be the lion’s share. Investment income will only include the time you take selecting your investments and managing your portfolio. For interest income, it is likely to be very little. Then write down how many hours you spend working to earn each type of income. You might have interest income, rental income, and investment income along with your business income or salary. ![]() Make a list of all of your sources of income (not just business) in a spreadsheet. If you’d like to work less as time goes by, then you’ll want to create your passive vs. It might be fun to come up with a few lifestyle ratios to help you measure and move toward your personal goals. Those numbers will help you meet and improve your business goals, but the question is, what numbers are you using to determine if you are meeting your life goals? Revenue, net income, total expenses, and payroll costs are just a few of the items that you may be monitoring on your profit and loss statement. Each month, you may anxiously await the reports that provide the numbers that help you manage your business. ![]() ![]() ![]() The same is generally true for works dealing with epigraphy, paleography or other philological contexts where adherence to original historical spellings and linguistic correctness is considered important.ĭifferent conventions exist for the treatment of subscript/adscript iota with uppercase letters. In some modern editions of classical texts, the original pronunciation of long diphthongs is represented by the use of iota adscript, with accents and breathing marks placed on the first vowel. The iota subscript is today considered an obligatory feature in the spelling of ancient Greek, but its usage is subject to some variation. ![]() The rare long diphthong ῡι might logically have been treated the same way, and the works of Eustathius of Thessalonica provide an instance of υ with iota subscript (in the word ὑπόγυͅον), but this never became the convention (the same word being spelled by other writers as ὑπόγυιον or ὑπόγυον). Besides these it also occurs in the roots of certain words and names, for instance ᾠδή, ode (and its derivatives: ᾠδεῖον, odeon τραγῳδία, tragedy etc.) ᾍδης, Hades Θρᾴκη, Thrace. The iota subscript occurs most frequently in certain inflectional affixes of ancient Greek, especially in the dative endings of many nominal forms (e.g. Usage ĭifferent styles of treating mute iota with capital letters In some English works these are referred to as "improper diphthongs". In the medieval period, these spellings were replaced by spellings with an iota subscript, to mark former diphthongs which were no longer pronounced. From the classical period onwards, they changed to simple vowels (monophthongs), but sometimes continued to be written as diphthongs. They existed in the Greek language up into the classical period. The Greek terms, transliterated according to their modern pronunciation as ypogegrammeni and prosgegrammeni respectively, were also chosen for use in character names in the computer encoding standard Unicode.Īs a phonological phenomenon, the original diphthongs denoted by ⟨ ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ⟩ are traditionally called "long diphthongs". The Greek names are grammatically feminine participle forms because in medieval Greek the name of the letter iota, to which they implicitly refer, was sometimes construed as a feminine noun (unlike in classical and in modern Greek, where it is neuter). Analogously, the adscript is called προσγεγραμμένη ( prosgegramménē), from the verb προσγράφω ( prosgráphō), "to write next (to something), to add in writing". In Greek, the subscript is called ὑπογεγραμμένη ( hupogegramménē), the perfect passive participle form of the verb ὑπογράφω ( hupográphō), "to write below". There are Unicode codepoints for all Greek uppercase vowels with iota adscript (for example, U+1FBC ᾼ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI), allowing for easy implementation of that recommendation in digital environments. In digital environments, and for linguistic reasons also in all other environments, the representation as a slightly reduced iota is recommended. ![]() In uppercase-only environments, it is represented again either as slightly reduced iota (smaller than regular lowercase iota), or as a full-sized uppercase Iota. In the latter case, it can be recognized as iota adscript by the fact that it never carries any diacritics (breathing marks, accents). ![]() In mixed-case environments, it is represented either as a slightly reduced iota (smaller than regular lowercase iota), or as a full-sized lowercase iota. The alternative practice, of writing the mute iota not under, but next to the preceding vowel, is known as iota adscript. The iota subscript was invented by Byzantine philologists in the 12th century AD as an editorial symbol marking the places where such spelling variation occurred. ĭuring the Roman and Byzantine eras, the iota, now mute, was sometimes still written as a normal letter but was often simply left out. The offglide was gradually lost in pronunciation, a process that started already during the classical period and continued during the Hellenistic period, with the result that, from approximately the 1st century BC onwards, the former long diphthongs were no longer distinguished in pronunciation from the simple long vowels (long monophthongs) η, ω, ᾱ respectively. Such diphthongs (i.e., ηι, ωι, ᾱι)-phonologically distinct from the corresponding normal or "short" diphthongs (i.e., ει, οι, ᾰι )-were a feature of ancient Greek in the pre-classical and classical eras. It represents the former presence of an offglide after the vowel, forming a so‐called "long diphthong". It can occur with the vowel letters eta ⟨ η⟩, omega ⟨ω⟩, and alpha ⟨ α⟩. The iota subscript is a diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature iota ⟨ ι⟩ placed below the letter. Iota subscripts in the word ᾠδῇ, (" ode", dative) ![]() |